[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/model-vsech-pocitacu-turinguv-stroj\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/model-vsech-pocitacu-turinguv-stroj\/","headline":"Model v\u0161ech po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2013 Turing\u016fv stroj","name":"Model v\u0161ech po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2013 Turing\u016fv stroj","description":"Alan Turing je zakladatelem informatiky a jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch matematik\u016f v\u0161ech dob. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee se za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pod\u00edlel na prolomen\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u0161ifrovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Enigma. Do v\u011bdeck\u00e9 historie se ale zapsal u\u017e d\u0159\u00edv. Ve 30. letech navrhl Turing\u016fv stroj (Turing mashine), kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes. Pokud si Turing\u016fv stroj p\u0159edstavujete jako n\u011bjak\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve stylu parn\u00edho…","datePublished":"2019-08-20","dateModified":"2019-08-20","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ac70c9e5ac34d1687bd81eed3e0a5127e2920111fdfe832b53d740bc4b86c4fd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ac70c9e5ac34d1687bd81eed3e0a5127e2920111fdfe832b53d740bc4b86c4fd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"kinetik.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a352795_w3766_t1567242794.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a352795_w3766_t1567242794.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/model-vsech-pocitacu-turinguv-stroj\/","about":["IT"],"wordCount":527,"articleBody":"Alan Turing je zakladatelem informatiky a jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch matematik\u016f v\u0161ech dob. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee se za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pod\u00edlel na prolomen\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u0161ifrovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Enigma. Do v\u011bdeck\u00e9 historie se ale zapsal u\u017e d\u0159\u00edv. Ve 30. letech navrhl Turing\u016fv stroj (Turing mashine), kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes.   Pokud si Turing\u016fv stroj p\u0159edstavujete jako n\u011bjak\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve stylu parn\u00edho nebo jin\u00e9ho stroje, bohu\u017eel v\u00e1s zklamu. Jedn\u00e1 se pouze o teoretick\u00fd model, kter\u00fd ale m\u00e1 stejnou v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed s\u00edlu jako modern\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z jednostrann\u011b nekone\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sky, je\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 stroje. P\u00e1ska je rozd\u011blena na pole, v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich je v\u017edy zaps\u00e1n jeden symbol. D\u00e1le je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stroje \u010dtec\u00ed hlava, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje po p\u00e1sce. Hlava v\u017edy \u010dte n\u011bkter\u00e9 z pol\u00ed p\u00e1sky, a nav\u00edc m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed stav. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00fdpo\u010dtu je na prvn\u00edm poli symbol za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u00e1sky a za n\u00edm je n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch pol\u00ed pops\u00e1no dal\u0161\u00edmi symboly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vstup v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. Zbytek p\u00e1sky je pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd (respektive obsahuje symbol, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee dan\u00e9 pole je pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9). \u010ctec\u00ed hlava za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na prvn\u00edm poli a je v tzv. po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm vnit\u0159n\u00edm stavu. V\u00fdpo\u010det prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u010dtec\u00ed hlava. V jednom kroku se na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159e\u010dten\u00e9ho symbolu z p\u00e1sky a sv\u00e9ho stavu rozhodne, co ud\u011bl\u00e1. Nejprve m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159epsat symbol na p\u00e1sce jin\u00fdm symbolem, pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj vnit\u0159n\u00ed stav a nakonec se pohne o jedno pole dop\u0159edu, nebo dozadu. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku se mus\u00ed pohnout dop\u0159edu, proto\u017ee je na prvn\u00edm poli. V\u00fdpo\u010det skon\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e se hlava dostane do jednoho ze dvou speci\u00e1ln\u00edch stav\u016f, jim\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 akceptuj\u00edc\u00ed a zam\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed stav. T\u00edm n\u00e1m stroj \u201eodpov\u00ed\u201c na ot\u00e1zku, kterou jsme mu polo\u017eili.  Tento model se v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t v n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech zbyte\u010dn\u011b limituj\u00edc\u00ed. Pro\u010d se nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee hlava pohnout v\u017edy jen o jedno pole? Ve skute\u010dnosti plat\u00ed, \u017ee pokud bychom umo\u017enili, aby se hlava posouvala o libovoln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pol\u00ed, stroj by m\u011bl st\u00e1le stejnou v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed s\u00edlu! Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed i o dal\u0161\u00edch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edch nebo omezen\u00edch, kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eeme vymyslet. I kdyby m\u011bl stroj 5000 p\u00e1sek s 5000 hlavami, st\u00e1le by byl stejn\u011b siln\u00fd! Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako model po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat po\u010d\u00edta\u010de na zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9m fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm principu ne\u017e my, ale pokud jejich stroj zvl\u00e1dne spo\u010d\u00edtat tot\u00e9\u017e, co Turing\u016fv stroj, m\u016f\u017eeme jej s klidn\u00fdm sv\u011bdom\u00edm naz\u00fdvat po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4.9\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Model v\u0161ech po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2013 Turing\u016fv stroj","item":"https:\/\/www.kinetik.cz\/model-vsech-pocitacu-turinguv-stroj\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]